PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.